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| march 2011 doc id 13313 rev 3 1/18 18 tsc101 high side current sense amplifier features independent supply and input common-mode voltages wide common-mode operating range: 2.8 to 30 v wide common-mode surviving range: -0.3 to 60 v (load-dump) wide supply voltage range: 4 to 24 v low current consumption: i cc max = 300 a internally fixed gain: 20 v/v, 50 v/v or 100 v/v buffered output applications automotive current monitoring notebook computers dc motor controls photovoltaic systems battery chargers precision current sources description the tsc101 measures a small differential voltage on a high-side shunt resistor and translates it into a ground-referenced output voltage. the gain is internally fixed. wide input common-mode voltage range, low quiescent current, and tiny sot23 packaging enable use in a wide variety of applications. the input common-mode and power supply voltages are independent. the common-mode voltage can range from 2.8 to 30 v in operating conditions and up to 60 v in absolute maximum rating conditions. the current consumption below 300 a and the wide supply voltage range enable the power supply to be connected to either side of the current measurement shunt with minimal error. l sot23-5 (plastic package) 2 1 3 v p ou t gnd 4 5 vm vcc pin connections (top view) www.st.com
application schematics and pin description tsc101 2/18 doc id 13313 rev 3 1 application schematics and pin description the tsc101 high-side current sense amplifier features a 2.8 to 30 v input common-mode range that is independent of the supply voltage. the main advantage of this feature is that it allows high-side current sensing at voltages much greater than the supply voltage (v cc ). figure 1. application schematics ta bl e 1 describes the function of eac h pin. the pin positions are shown in the illustration on the cover page and in figure 1 above. table 1. pin descriptions symbol type function out analog output output voltage, proportional to the magnitude of the sense voltage v p -v m . gnd power supply ground line v cc power supply positive power supply line v p analog input connection for the external sense resistor. the measured current enters the shunt on the v p side. v m analog input connection for the external sense resistor. the measured current exits the shunt on the v m side. 6 s e n s e 6 o u t ! v x 6 s e n s e 6 p 6 m / u t ' n d 6 # # l o a d ) l o a d t o 6 2 g 2 g 2 g 2 s e n s e t o 6 ! - tsc101 absolute maximum rati ngs and operating conditions doc id 13313 rev 3 3/18 2 absolute maximum ratings and operating conditions table 2. absolute maximum ratings symbol parameter value unit v id input pins differential voltage (v p -v m )60v v i input pin voltages (v p and v m ) (1) 1. voltage values are measured with respect to the ground pin. -0.3 to 60 v v cc dc supply voltage (1) -0.3 to 25 v v out dc output pin voltage (1) -0.3 to v cc v t stg storage temperature -55 to 150 c t j maximum junction temperature 150 c r thja sot23-5 thermal resistance ju nction to ambient 250 c/w esd hbm: human body model (2) 2. human body model: a 100 pf capacit or is charged to the specified voltage, then discharged through a 1.5k resistor between two pins of the device. this is done for all couples of connected pin combinations while the other pins are floating. 2.5 kv mm: machine model (3) 3. machine model: a 200 pf capacitor is charged to the specified voltage, then discharged directly between two pins of the device with no external series resistor (internal resistor < 5 ). this is done for all couples of connected pin combinations whil e the other pins are floating. 150 v cdm: charged device model (4) 4. charged device model: all pins plus package ar e charged together to the specified voltage and then discharged directly to the ground. 1.5 kv table 3. operating conditions symbol parameter value unit v cc dc supply voltage from t min to t max 4.0 to 24 v t oper operational temperature range (t min to t max ) -40 to 125 c v icm common mode voltage range 2.8 to 30 v electrical characteristics tsc101 4/18 doc id 13313 rev 3 3 electrical characteristics table 4. supply (1) symbol parameter test conditions min. typ. max. unit i cc total supply current v sense =0v t min < t amb < t max 165 300 a 1. unless otherwise specified, the test conditions are t amb = 25c, v cc =12v, v sense =v p -v m =50mv, v m = 12 v, no load on out. table 5. input (1) symbol parameter test conditions min. typ. max. unit cmr common mode rejection variation of v out versus v icm referred to input (2) 2.8 v < v icm < 30 v t min < t amb < t max 90 105 db svr supply voltage rejection variation of v out versus v cc (3) 4.0 v < v cc < 24 v v sense =30mv t min < t amb < t max 90 105 db v os input offset voltage (4) t amb = 25 c t min < t amb < t max 0.2 0.9 1.5 2.3 mv dv os /dt input offset drift vs. t t min < t amb < t max -3 v/c i lk input leakage current v cc = 0 v t min < t amb < t max 1a i ib input bias current v sense = 0 v t min < t amb < t max 5.5 8 a 1. unless otherwise specified, the test conditions are t amb = 25c, v cc =12v, v sense =v p -v m =50mv, v m = 12 v, no load on out. 2. see section 4.1: common mode rejection ratio (cmr) on page 11 for the definition of cmr. 3. see section 4.2: supply voltage rejection ratio (svr) on page 11 for the definition of svr. 4. see section 4.3: gain (av) and input offset voltage (v os ) on page 11 for the definition of v os . tsc101 electrical characteristics doc id 13313 rev 3 5/18 table 6. output (1) symbol parameter test conditions min. typ. max. unit av gain tsc101a tsc101b tsc101c 20 50 100 v/v av gain accuracy t amb = 25c t min < t amb < t max 2.5 4.5 % v out / t output voltage drift vs. t (2) t min < t amb < t max 0.4 mv/c v out / i out output stage load regulation -10 ma < i out <10 ma i out sink or source current 34mv/ma v out total output voltage accuracy (3) v sense = 50 mv t amb = 25 c t min < t amb < t max 2.5 4.5 % v out total output voltage accuracy v sense = 100 mv t amb = 25 c t min < t amb < t max 3.5 5 % v out total output voltage accuracy v sense = 20 mv t amb = 25 c t min < t amb < t max 8 11 % v out total output voltage accuracy v sense = 10 mv t amb = 25 c t min < t amb < t max 15 20 % i sc-sink short-circuit sink current out connected to v cc, v sense = -1 v 30 60 ma i sc-source short-circuit source current out connected to gnd v sense = 1 v 15 26 ma v oh output stage high-state saturation voltage v oh =v cc -v out v sense = 1 v i out = 1 ma 0.8 1 v v ol output stage low-state saturation voltage v sense = -1 v i out = 1 ma 50 100 mv 1. unless otherwise specified, the test conditions are t amb = 25c, v cc = 12 v, v sense = v p -v m = 50 mv, v m = 12 v, no load on out. 2. see output voltage drift versus temperature on page 12 for the definition. 3. output voltage accuracy is the difference with the expected theoretical output voltage v out-th = av*v sense . see output voltage accuracy on page 13 for a more detailed definition. electrical characteristics tsc101 6/18 doc id 13313 rev 3 table 7. frequency response (1) symbol parameter test conditions min. typ. max. unit ts output settling to 1% final value v sense = 10 mv to 100 mv c load = 47 pf (2) tsc101a tsc101b tsc101c 3 6 10 s sr slew rate v sense = 10 mv to 100 mv 0.55 0.9 v/s bw 3db bandwidth c load = 47 pf (2) v sense = 100 mv tsc101a tsc101b tsc101c 500 670 450 khz 1. unless otherwise specified, the test conditions are t amb = 25c, v cc = 12 v, v sense = v p -v m = 50 mv, v m = 12 v, no load on out. 2. for stability purposes, we do not recommend using a greater value of load capacitor. table 8. noise (1) symbol parameter test conditions min. typ. max. unit total output voltage noise 50 nv/ hz 1. unless otherwise specified, the test conditions are t amb = 25c, v cc = 12 v, v sense = v p -v m = 50 mv, v m = 12 v, no load on out. tsc101 electrical characteristics doc id 13313 rev 3 7/18 3.1 electrical characteristics curves for the following curves, the tested device is a tsc101c, and the test conditions are t amb = 25c, v cc = 12 v, v sense = v p -v m = 50 mv, v m = 12 v, no load on out unless otherwise specified. figure 2. supply current vs. supply voltage (v sense = 0 v) figure 3. supply current vs. v sense figure 4. v p pin input bias current vs. v sense figure 5. v m pin input bias current vs. v sense electrical characteristics tsc101 8/18 doc id 13313 rev 3 figure 6. minimum common mode operating voltage vs. temperature figure 7. output stage low-state saturation voltage versus output current (v sense =-1 v) figure 8. output stage high-state saturation voltage versus output current (v sense =+1v) figure 9. output short-circuit source current versus temperature (out pin connected to ground) tsc101 electrical characteristics doc id 13313 rev 3 9/18 figure 10. output short-circuit sink current versus temperature (out pin connected to v cc ) figure 11. output stage load regulation figure 12. input offset drift versus temperature figure 13. output voltage drift versus temperature figure 14. bode diagram (v sense =100mv) figure 15. power-supply rejection ratio versus frequency electrical characteristics tsc101 10/18 doc id 13313 rev 3 figure 16. total output voltage accuracy versus v sense figure 17. output voltage versus v sense figure 18. output voltage versus v sense (detail for low v sense values) figure 19. step response tsc101 parameter definitions doc id 13313 rev 3 11/18 4 parameter definitions 4.1 common mode rejection ratio (cmr) the common-mode rejection ratio (cmr) meas ures the ability of the current-sensing amplifier to reject any dc voltage applied on both inputs v p and v m . the cmr is referred back to the input so that its effect can be compared with the applied differential signal. the cmr is defined by the formula: 4.2 supply voltage rejection ratio (svr) the supply-voltage rejection ratio (svr) me asures the ability of the current-sensing amplifier to reject any variat ion of the supply voltage v cc . the svr is referred back to the input so that its effect can be compared with the applied differential signal. the svr is defined by the formula: 4.3 gain (av) and input offset voltage (v os ) the input offset voltage is defined as the intersection between the linear regression of the v out versus v sense curve with the x-axis (see figure 20 ). if v out1 is the output voltage with v sense =v sense1 =50mv and v out2 is the output voltage with v sense =v sense2 =5mv, then v os can be calculated with the following formula: the amplification gain a v is defined as the ratio between output voltage and input differential voltage: cmr 20 ? v out v icm av ? ------------------------------ log ? = svr 20 ? v out v cc av ? ----------------------------- - log ? = v os v sense1 v sense1 v sense2 ? v out1 v out2 ? ----------------------------------------------- - v out1 ? ?? ?? ? = av v out v sense ----------------- - = parameter definitions tsc101 12/18 doc id 13313 rev 3 figure 20. v out versus v sense characteristics: detail for low v sense values 4.4 output voltage drift versus temperature the output voltage drift versus temperature is defined as the maximum variation of v out with respect to its value at 25c, over the temperature range. it is calculated as follows: with t min < t amb < t max . figure 21 provides a graphical definition of output voltage drift versus temperature. on this chart, v out is always comprised in the area defined by dotted lines representing the maximum and minimum variation of v out versus t. figure 21. output voltage drift versus temperature 6 o s m 6 6 s e n s e m 6 6 o u t 6 o u t ! - 6 o u t v out t ---------------- -max v out t amb () v out 25 c () ? t amb 25 c ? -------------------------------------------------------------------------- = tsc101 parameter definitions doc id 13313 rev 3 13/18 4.5 output voltage accuracy the output voltage accuracy is the difference between the actual output voltage and the theoretical output voltage. ideally, the current sensing output voltage should be equal to the input differential voltage multiplied by the theoretical gain, as in the following formula: v out-th =a v . v sense the actual value is very slightly different, mainly due to the effects of: the input offset voltage v os , non-linearity figure 22. v out vs. v sense theoretical and actual characteristics the output voltage accuracy, expressed in percentage, can be calculated with the following formula: with a v = 20 v/v for tsc101a, a v = 50 v/v for tsc101b and a v = 100 v/v for tsc101c. 6 s e n s e m 6 ) d e a l ! c t u a l 6 o u t 6 o u t a c c u r a c y f o r 6 s e n s e m 6 ! - v out abs v out a v v sense ? () ? () a v v sense ? -------------------------------------------------------------------------- = application information tsc101 14/18 doc id 13313 rev 3 5 application information the tsc101 can be used to measure current and to feed back the information to a microcontroller, as shown in figure 23 . figure 23. typical application schematic the current from the supply flows to the load through the r sense resistor causing a voltage drop equal to v sense across r sense . the amplifier input currents are negligible, therefore its inverting input voltage is equal to v m . the amplifier's open-loop gain forces its non-inverting input to the same voltage as the inverting input. as a consequence, the amplifier adjusts current flowing through rg1 so that the voltage drop across rg1 exactly matches v sense . therefore, the drop across rg1 is: v rg1 =v sense =r sense .i load if i rg1 is the current flowing through rg1, then i rg1 is given by the formula: i rg1 =v sense /rg1 the i rg1 current flows entirely into resistor r g3 (the input bias current of the buffer is negligible). therefore, the voltage drop on the r g3 resistor can be calculated as follows: v rg3 =r g3 .i rg1 =(r g3 /r g1 ).v sense because the voltage across the r g3 resistor is buffered to the out pin, v out can be expressed as: v out =(r g3 /r g1 ).v sense or v out =(r g3 /r g1) .r sense .i load the resistor ratio r g3 /r g1 is internally set to 20v/v for tsc101a, to 50v/v for tsc101b and to 100v/v for tsc101c. the r sense resistor and the r g3 /r g1 resistor ratio (equal to a v ) are important parameters because they define the full scale output range of your application. therefore, they must be selected carefully. 6 6 s e n s e 6 o u t , o a d ) l o a d 6 t o 6 2 s e n s e 6 r e g 6 p 6 m / u t ' n d 6 # # 2 g 2 g 2 g 4 3 # - i c r o c o n t r o l l e r ! $ # ' n d 6 # # ! - tsc101 package information doc id 13313 rev 3 15/18 6 package information in order to meet environmental requirements, st offers these devices in different grades of ecopack ? packages, depending on their level of environmental compliance. ecopack ? specifications, grade definitions and product status are available at: www.st.com . ecopack ? is an st trademark. figure 24. sot23-5l package mechanical drawing table 9. sot23-5l package mechanical data ref. dimensions millimeters inches min. typ. max. min. typ. max. a 0.90 1.20 1.45 0.035 0.047 0.057 a1 0.15 0.006 a2 0.90 1.05 1.30 0.035 0.041 0.051 b 0.35 0.40 0.50 0.013 0.015 0.019 c 0.09 0.15 0.20 0.003 0.006 0.008 d 2.80 2.90 3.00 0.110 0.114 0.118 d1 1.90 0.075 e 0.95 0.037 e 2.60 2.80 3.00 0.102 0.110 0.118 f 1.50 1.60 1.75 0.059 0.063 0.069 l 0.10 0.35 0.60 0.004 0.013 0.023 k 0 degrees 10 degrees ordering information tsc101 16/18 doc id 13313 rev 3 7 ordering information table 10. order codes part number temperature range package packaging marking gain tsc101ailt -40c, +125c sot23-5 tape & reel o104 20 tsc101bilt o105 50 tsc101cilt o106 100 TSC101AIYLT (1) -40c, +125c sot23-5 (automotive grade) tape & reel o101 20 tsc101biylt (1) o102 50 tsc101ciylt (1) o103 100 1. qualified and characterized accordi ng to aec q100 and q003 or equivalent, adv anced screening according to aec q001 & q 002 or equivalent. tsc101 revision history doc id 13313 rev 3 17/18 8 revision history table 11. document revision history date revision changes 05-mar-2007 1 first release, preliminary data. 22-oct-2007 2 document status prom oted from preliminary data to datasheet. added test results in electrical characteristics tables. added electrical characteristics curves. 14-mar-2011 3 added esd charged device model values in table 2: absolute maximum ratings . added automotive grade qualification in table 10: order codes . tsc101 18/18 doc id 13313 rev 3 please read carefully: information in this document is provided solely in connection with st products. stmicroelectronics nv and its subsidiaries (?st ?) reserve the right to make changes, corrections, modifications or improvements, to this document, and the products and services described he rein at any time, without notice. all st products are sold pursuant to st?s terms and conditions of sale. purchasers are solely responsible for the choice, selection and use of the st products and services described herein, and st as sumes no liability whatsoever relating to the choice, selection or use of the st products and services described herein. no license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted under this document. i f any part of this document refers to any third party products or services it shall not be deemed a license grant by st for the use of such third party products or services, or any intellectual property contained therein or considered as a warranty covering the use in any manner whatsoev er of such third party products or services or any intellectual property contained therein. unless otherwise set forth in st?s terms and conditions of sale st disclaims any express or implied warranty with respect to the use and/or sale of st products including without limitation implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a parti cular purpose (and their equivalents under the laws of any jurisdiction), or infringement of any patent, copyright or other intellectual property right. unless expressly approved in writing by an authorized st representative, st products are not recommended, authorized or warranted for use in milita ry, air craft, space, life saving, or life sustaining applications, nor in products or systems where failure or malfunction may result in personal injury, death, or severe property or environmental damage. st products which are not specified as "automotive grade" may only be used in automotive applications at user?s own risk. resale of st products with provisions different from the statements and/or technical features set forth in this document shall immediately void any warranty granted by st for the st product or service described herein and shall not create or extend in any manner whatsoev er, any liability of st. st and the st logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of st in various countries. information in this document supersedes and replaces all information previously supplied. the st logo is a registered trademark of stmicroelectronics. all other names are the property of their respective owners. ? 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